Advanced words

400 formal-register words from news, business, politics and science.

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Themes at this level

Formal verbs (memper-/-kan/-i) 50 Abstract concepts 50 Economy & business 50 Politics, law & government 50 Science, environment & health 50 Media, culture & communication 50 Formal adverbs & connectors 50 Verbs & adjectives (formal register) 50

Word list: Advanced words

400 formal-register words from news, business, politics and science. Below you'll find all 400 words in Bahasa Indonesia with the English translation. Where Bahasa Melayu uses a different word (229 of them), the Malaysian equivalent is shown too. Click 🔊 to listen to the pronunciation.

All 0 words shown:

🇮🇩 Indonesian	🇲🇾 Malay	English	Level
mempertimbangkan	= same	to consider	Advanced
memperhatikan	memperhatikan / memberi perhatian	to pay attention to	Advanced
mempengaruhi	= same	to influence	Advanced
memengaruhi	mempengaruhi	to influence	Advanced
mempertahankan	= same	to defend / maintain	Advanced
memperjuangkan	= same	to fight for	Advanced
mempertanyakan	mempersoalkan	to question	Advanced
memperluas	= same	to expand	Advanced
memperkuat	memperkukuh / memperkuat	to strengthen	Advanced
memperbarui	memperbaharui / mengemas kini	to renew / update	Advanced
memperingati	= same	to commemorate	Advanced
memperoleh	= same	to obtain	Advanced
memberdayakan	memperkasakan	to empower	Advanced
mengembangkan	membangunkan / mengembangkan	to develop	Advanced
meningkatkan	= same	to increase / improve	Advanced
menurunkan	= same	to lower / reduce	Advanced
mengurangi	mengurangkan	to reduce	Advanced
menambah	= same	to add	Advanced
menambahkan	= same	to add (something)	Advanced
menghasilkan	= same	to produce / yield	Advanced
menyebabkan	= same	to cause	Advanced
mengakibatkan	= same	to result in	Advanced
menimbulkan	= same	to give rise to	Advanced
menghambat	menghalang / menghambat	to hinder	Advanced
mencegah	= same	to prevent	Advanced
mengatasi	= same	to overcome	Advanced
menangani	= same	to handle	Advanced
menyelesaikan masalah	= same	to solve a problem	Advanced
menentukan	= same	to determine	Advanced
menetapkan	= same	to stipulate / set	Advanced
menerapkan	melaksanakan / menerapkan	to apply / implement	Advanced
melaksanakan	= same	to carry out	Advanced
menjalankan	= same	to run / operate	Advanced
mengelola	mengurus / mengelola	to manage	Advanced
mengawasi	mengawasi / menyelia	to supervise	Advanced
mengendalikan	mengawal / mengendalikan	to control	Advanced
menguasai	= same	to master / control	Advanced
memimpin	= same	to lead	Advanced
mewakili	= same	to represent	Advanced
mendukung	menyokong	to support	Advanced
menentang	= same	to oppose	Advanced
mengakui	= same	to admit / acknowledge	Advanced
menyangkal	menafikan	to deny	Advanced
membantah	membantah / menyangkal	to refute	Advanced
menuduh	= same	to accuse	Advanced
menuntut	= same	to demand / sue	Advanced
menggugat	menyaman / mendakwa	to sue	Advanced
memvonis	menjatuhkan hukuman	to sentence	Advanced
menghukum	= same	to punish	Advanced
membebaskan	= same	to free / acquit	Advanced
sasaran	= same	target	Advanced
strategi	= same	strategy	Advanced
rencana	rancangan / pelan	plan	Advanced
prinsip	= same	principle	Advanced
norma	= same	norm	Advanced
etika	= same	ethics	Advanced
moral	= same	moral	Advanced
tanggung jawab	tanggungjawab	responsibility	Advanced
kepentingan	= same	interest (stake)	Advanced
keyakinan	= same	belief / conviction	Advanced
kesadaran	kesedaran	awareness	Advanced
pemahaman	pemahaman / kefahaman	understanding	Advanced
pengertian	= same	understanding / definition	Advanced
pandangan	= same	view / perspective	Advanced
sudut pandang	= same	point of view	Advanced
pendekatan	= same	approach	Advanced
konsep	= same	concept	Advanced
teori	= same	theory	Advanced
hipotesis	= same	hypothesis	Advanced
bukti	= same	evidence	Advanced
fakta	= same	fact	Advanced
data	= same	data	Advanced
informasi	maklumat	information	Advanced
sumber	= same	source	Advanced
alasan	alasan / sebab	reason	Advanced
penyebab	punca / penyebab	cause	Advanced
akibat	= same	consequence	Advanced
dampak	kesan / impak	impact	Advanced
pengaruh	= same	influence	Advanced
hasil	hasil / keputusan	result	Advanced
proses	= same	process	Advanced
tahap	tahap / peringkat	stage	Advanced
langkah	= same	step	Advanced
metode	kaedah / metod	method	Advanced
cara	= same	way / method	Advanced
sistem	= same	system	Advanced
struktur	= same	structure	Advanced
fungsi	= same	function	Advanced
peran	peranan	role	Advanced
posisi	posisi / kedudukan	position	Advanced
kondisi	keadaan / kondisi	condition	Advanced
situasi	situasi / keadaan	situation	Advanced
konteks	= same	context	Advanced
latar belakang	= same	background	Advanced
faktor	= same	factor	Advanced
aspek	= same	aspect	Advanced
unsur	= same	element	Advanced
bagian	bahagian	part	Advanced
keseluruhan	= same	the whole	Advanced
sebagian	sebahagian	partly / a portion	Advanced
perekonomian	ekonomi	the economy	Advanced
pertumbuhan ekonomi	= same	economic growth	Advanced
inflasi	= same	inflation	Advanced
resesi	kemelesetan	recession	Advanced
kemiskinan	= same	poverty	Advanced
kesejahteraan	kesejahteraan / kebajikan	welfare / prosperity	Advanced
pendapatan per kapita	= same	per capita income	Advanced
daya beli	kuasa beli	purchasing power	Advanced
konsumsi	penggunaan / konsumsi	consumption	Advanced
produksi	pengeluaran / produksi	production	Advanced
distribusi	pengagihan / distribusi	distribution	Advanced
pasokan	bekalan	supply	Advanced
permintaan	= same	demand	Advanced
penawaran	penawaran / tawaran	offer / supply	Advanced
persaingan	= same	competition	Advanced
pasar bebas	pasaran bebas	free market	Advanced
perdagangan	= same	trade	Advanced
ekspor	eksport	export	Advanced
impor	import	import	Advanced
bea cukai	kastam	customs	Advanced
tarif	= same	tariff	Advanced
subsidi	= same	subsidy	Advanced
mata uang	mata wang	currency	Advanced
nilai tukar	kadar pertukaran	exchange rate	Advanced
kurs	kadar tukaran	exchange rate	Advanced
saham	= same	share / stock	Advanced
obligasi	bon	bond	Advanced
bursa	bursa saham	stock exchange	Advanced
suku bunga	kadar faedah	interest rate	Advanced
kredit	= same	credit	Advanced
cicilan	ansuran	instalment	Advanced
jaminan	jaminan / cagaran	collateral / guarantee	Advanced
asuransi	insurans	insurance	Advanced
premi	premium	premium	Advanced
klaim	tuntutan	claim	Advanced
laba	untung / laba	profit	Advanced
rugi	= same	loss	Advanced
omzet	perolehan / jualan	turnover	Advanced
defisit	= same	deficit	Advanced
surplus	lebihan / surplus	surplus	Advanced
neraca	kunci kira-kira / neraca	balance sheet	Advanced
akuntansi	perakaunan	accounting	Advanced
audit	= same	audit	Advanced
pemegang saham	= same	shareholder	Advanced
pemangku kepentingan	pihak berkepentingan	stakeholder	Advanced
dewan direksi	lembaga pengarah	board of directors	Advanced
komisaris	pesuruhjaya / ahli lembaga	commissioner (board)	Advanced
merger	penggabungan	merger	Advanced
akuisisi	pengambilalihan	acquisition	Advanced
kepailitan	kebankrapan / muflis	bankruptcy	Advanced
pemerintahan	pemerintahan / kerajaan	governance / administration	Advanced
kekuasaan	kuasa	power / authority	Advanced
wewenang	kuasa / bidang kuasa	authority	Advanced
lembaga	institusi / badan	institution	Advanced
DPR	Dewan Rakyat	House of Representatives	Advanced
parlemen	parlimen	parliament	Advanced
konstitusi	perlembagaan	constitution	Advanced
undang-undang dasar	perlembagaan	constitution	Advanced
peraturan pemerintah	peraturan kerajaan	government regulation	Advanced
kementerian	= same	ministry	Advanced
birokrasi	= same	bureaucracy	Advanced
pejabat	pegawai	official	Advanced
pegawai negeri	penjawat awam / kakitangan kerajaan	civil servant	Advanced
PNS	penjawat awam	civil servant	Advanced
otonomi daerah	autonomi daerah / negeri	regional autonomy	Advanced
pemilihan umum	pilihan raya umum	general election	Advanced
kampanye	kempen	campaign	Advanced
calon	= same	candidate	Advanced
suara	undi / suara	vote / voice	Advanced
pemilih	pengundi	voter	Advanced
koalisi	gabungan / pakatan	coalition	Advanced
oposisi	pembangkang	opposition	Advanced
reformasi	= same	reform	Advanced
revolusi	= same	revolution	Advanced
kudeta	rampasan kuasa	coup	Advanced
diktator	= same	dictator	Advanced
rezim	rejim	regime	Advanced
kebijakan luar negeri	dasar luar	foreign policy	Advanced
diplomasi	= same	diplomacy	Advanced
kedutaan	= same	embassy	Advanced
duta besar	= same	ambassador	Advanced
warga negara	warganegara	citizen	Advanced
kewarganegaraan	= same	citizenship	Advanced
imigrasi	imigresen	immigration	Advanced
pengungsi	pelarian	refugee	Advanced
hak asasi manusia	= same	human rights	Advanced
HAM	HAM / hak asasi	human rights	Advanced
pelanggaran	pelanggaran / kesalahan	violation	Advanced
penegakan hukum	penguatkuasaan undang-undang	law enforcement	Advanced
tersangka	suspek	suspect	Advanced
terdakwa	tertuduh	defendant	Advanced
korban	mangsa	victim	Advanced
saksi	= same	witness	Advanced
jaksa	pendakwa raya	prosecutor	Advanced
putusan	keputusan	verdict	Advanced
vonis	hukuman	sentence	Advanced
banding	rayuan	appeal	Advanced
denda	= same	fine	Advanced
hukuman	= same	punishment	Advanced
tindak pidana	kesalahan jenayah	criminal offence	Advanced
ilmu pengetahuan	sains / ilmu pengetahuan	science	Advanced
ilmuwan	saintis / ahli sains	scientist	Advanced
penelitian	penyelidikan / kajian	research	Advanced
peneliti	penyelidik	researcher	Advanced
percobaan	eksperimen / uji kaji	experiment	Advanced
temuan	penemuan / dapatan	finding	Advanced
penemuan	penemuan / ciptaan	discovery / invention	Advanced
inovasi	= same	innovation	Advanced
teknologi informasi	teknologi maklumat	information technology	Advanced
kecerdasan buatan	= same	artificial intelligence	Advanced
perangkat lunak	perisian	software	Advanced
perangkat keras	perkakasan	hardware	Advanced
basis data	pangkalan data	database	Advanced
keamanan siber	keselamatan siber	cybersecurity	Advanced
lingkungan hidup	alam sekitar	the environment	Advanced
pencemaran	= same	pollution	Advanced
polusi	pencemaran	pollution	Advanced
limbah	sisa / bahan buangan	waste (industrial)	Advanced
emisi	pelepasan / emisi	emissions	Advanced
pemanasan global	= same	global warming	Advanced
perubahan iklim	= same	climate change	Advanced
iklim	= same	climate	Advanced
bencana alam	= same	natural disaster	Advanced
kekeringan	kemarau	drought	Advanced
tanah longsor	tanah runtuh	landslide	Advanced
tsunami	= same	tsunami	Advanced
letusan	= same	eruption	Advanced
kebakaran hutan	= same	forest fire	Advanced
penggundulan hutan	penebangan hutan / penyahhutanan	deforestation	Advanced
pelestarian	pemuliharaan	conservation	Advanced
keanekaragaman hayati	kepelbagaian biologi / biodiversiti	biodiversity	Advanced
energi terbarukan	tenaga boleh diperbaharui	renewable energy	Advanced
tenaga surya	tenaga suria / solar	solar power	Advanced
bahan bakar	bahan api	fuel	Advanced
sumber daya alam	sumber asli / sumber alam	natural resources	Advanced
pertambangan	perlombongan	mining	Advanced
minyak bumi	minyak mentah / petroleum	crude oil	Advanced
gas alam	gas asli	natural gas	Advanced
batu bara	arang batu	coal	Advanced
kelapa sawit	= same	oil palm	Advanced
pertanian	= same	agriculture	Advanced
perikanan	= same	fisheries	Advanced
peternakan	penternakan	livestock farming	Advanced
kehutanan	perhutanan	forestry	Advanced
pangan	makanan	food (supply)	Advanced
ketahanan pangan	keselamatan makanan / jaminan makanan	food security	Advanced
gizi	nutrisi / zat makanan	nutrition	Advanced
kekurangan gizi	kekurangan zat makanan / malnutrisi	malnutrition	Advanced
wabah	wabak	outbreak / epidemic	Advanced
pandemi	pandemik	pandemic	Advanced
wartawan	= same	journalist	Advanced
jurnalis	wartawan / jurnalis	journalist	Advanced
pers	akhbar / media	the press	Advanced
kebebasan pers	kebebasan akhbar / media	press freedom	Advanced
media massa	= same	mass media	Advanced
pemberitaan	laporan berita / liputan	news coverage	Advanced
berita palsu	= same	fake news	Advanced
hoaks	berita palsu / tipu	hoax	Advanced
opini	pendapat / opini	opinion (piece)	Advanced
editorial	editorial / lidah pengarang	editorial	Advanced
sumber terpercaya	sumber yang boleh dipercayai	reliable source	Advanced
narasumber	sumber / pakar rujuk	resource person / source	Advanced
konferensi pers	sidang akhbar / sidang media	press conference	Advanced
siaran langsung	= same	live broadcast	Advanced
penyiar	penyiar / juruhebah	broadcaster	Advanced
pembawa acara	pengacara / hos	host / presenter	Advanced
selebritas	selebriti	celebrity	Advanced
penggemar	peminat	fan	Advanced
pengikut	= same	follower	Advanced
viral	tular / viral	viral	Advanced
konten	kandungan	content	Advanced
pembuat konten	pencipta kandungan	content creator	Advanced
influencer	pempengaruh	influencer	Advanced
kesenian	= same	the arts	Advanced
seni rupa	seni halus / seni visual	visual art	Advanced
seni pertunjukan	seni persembahan	performing arts	Advanced
tari tradisional	tarian tradisional	traditional dance	Advanced
wayang	wayang kulit	shadow puppet theatre	Advanced
gamelan	= same	gamelan orchestra	Advanced
batik	= same	batik	Advanced
kerajinan	kraf tangan / kraftangan	handicraft	Advanced
sastra	sastera	literature	Advanced
sastrawan	sasterawan	literary writer	Advanced
penyair	= same	poet	Advanced
karya	= same	work (of art)	Advanced
karya sastra	karya sastera	literary work	Advanced
pameran	= same	exhibition	Advanced
pertunjukan	persembahan / pertunjukan	performance	Advanced
festival	festival / pesta	festival	Advanced
warisan budaya	= same	cultural heritage	Advanced
kearifan lokal	kearifan tempatan	local wisdom	Advanced
kebhinekaan	kepelbagaian	diversity (national motto)	Advanced
gotong royong	gotong-royong	mutual cooperation	Advanced
musyawarah	mesyuarat / musyawarah	deliberation / consensus	Advanced
mufakat	muafakat	consensus	Advanced
tata krama	adab / tatasusila	manners	Advanced
bahasa baku	= same	standard language	Advanced
bahasa formal	bahasa formal / rasmi	formal language	Advanced
bahasa tidak baku	bahasa tidak baku / bahasa pasar	non-standard language	Advanced
peribahasa	= same	proverb	Advanced
sebagaimana	= same	as / in the manner that	Advanced
sehubungan dengan	sehubungan dengan / berhubung	in connection with	Advanced
berkaitan dengan	= same	related to	Advanced
berdasarkan	= same	based on	Advanced
sesuai dengan	sesuai dengan / selaras dengan	in accordance with	Advanced
dalam rangka	dalam rangka / sempena	in the framework of / in order to	Advanced
guna	guna / bagi	in order to	Advanced
sekaligus	sekali gus	at the same time / as well as	Advanced
serta	= same	as well as	Advanced
maupun	mahupun	nor / as well as	Advanced
ataupun	= same	or (formal)	Advanced
adapun	= same	as for	Advanced
kendati	kendatipun / walaupun	although (formal)	Advanced
sekalipun	= same	even though	Advanced
padahal	padahal / sedangkan	whereas / even though	Advanced
lantaran	lantaran / kerana	because (informal/journalistic)	Advanced
sebab	= same	cause / because	Advanced
oleh sebab itu	= same	for that reason	Advanced
dengan demikian	dengan demikian / dengan itu	thus	Advanced
maka	= same	then / therefore	Advanced
niscaya	nescaya	certainly	Advanced
sungguh	= same	truly	Advanced
sangatlah	sangatlah / amatlah	very (emphatic)	Advanced
amat	= same	very	Advanced
begitu	= same	so / like that	Advanced
sedemikian rupa	= same	in such a way	Advanced
pada umumnya	pada umumnya / pada amnya	in general	Advanced
pada dasarnya	pada dasarnya / pada asasnya	basically	Advanced
pada akhirnya	= same	in the end	Advanced
pada hakikatnya	= same	in essence	Advanced
secara	= same	in a ... manner	Advanced
secara umum	secara umum / secara am	generally	Advanced
secara khusus	= same	specifically	Advanced
secara langsung	= same	directly	Advanced
secara tidak langsung	= same	indirectly	Advanced
secara resmi	secara rasmi	officially	Advanced
secara keseluruhan	= same	overall	Advanced
sebagian besar	sebahagian besar	for the most part	Advanced
setidaknya	sekurang-kurangnya	at least	Advanced
sekurang-kurangnya	= same	at the very least	Advanced
paling tidak	paling tidak / sekurang-kurangnya	at least	Advanced
kian	kian / semakin	increasingly	Advanced
senantiasa	sentiasa	always (formal)	Advanced
kerap	= same	frequently	Advanced
acap kali	acap kali / kerap kali	often	Advanced
sesekali	= same	once in a while	Advanced
seketika	serta-merta / seketika	instantly	Advanced
serentak	= same	simultaneously	Advanced
mendadak	mengejut / mendadak	suddenly	Advanced
tiba-tiba	= same	suddenly	Advanced
signifikan	signifikan / ketara	significant	Advanced
relevan	= same	relevant	Advanced
akurat	tepat	accurate	Advanced
valid	sah	valid	Advanced
objektif	= same	objective	Advanced
subjektif	= same	subjective	Advanced
rasional	= same	rational	Advanced
logis	logik / logis	logical	Advanced
kritis	kritis / kritikal	critical	Advanced
kreatif	= same	creative	Advanced
inovatif	= same	innovative	Advanced
efektif	berkesan / efektif	effective	Advanced
efisien	cekap / efisien	efficient	Advanced
optimal	optimum	optimal	Advanced
maksimal	maksimum	maximum	Advanced
minimal	minimum	minimum	Advanced
konsisten	= same	consistent	Advanced
stabil	= same	stable	Advanced
fleksibel	fleksibel / anjal	flexible	Advanced
transparan	telus	transparent	Advanced
akuntabel	bertanggungjawab / akauntabel	accountable	Advanced
kompeten	kompeten / cekap	competent	Advanced
profesional	= same	professional	Advanced
strategis	strategik	strategic	Advanced
mendesak	mendesak / segera	urgent	Advanced
genting	= same	critical (situation)	Advanced
rentan	terdedah / rentan	vulnerable	Advanced
kompleks	kompleks / rumit	complex	Advanced
menyeluruh	= same	comprehensive	Advanced
mendalam	= same	in-depth	Advanced
memadai	memadai / mencukupi	adequate	Advanced
layak	layak / wajar	proper / feasible	Advanced
wajar	= same	reasonable / natural	Advanced
lazim	= same	customary	Advanced
mutlak	= same	absolute	Advanced
relatif	= same	relative	Advanced
hakiki	= same	essential	Advanced
mendasar	asas / mendasar	fundamental	Advanced
berharga	= same	valuable	Advanced
bermanfaat	bermanfaat / berguna	useful	Advanced
berkualitas	berkualiti	of good quality	Advanced
bermutu	= same	of high quality	Advanced
berwawasan	= same	knowledgeable / with a perspective	Advanced
berpengalaman	= same	experienced	Advanced
berwibawa	= same	authoritative / dignified	Advanced
berpotensi	= same	potentially / having potential	Advanced
berkelas	= same	classy	Advanced
bergengsi	berprestij	prestigious	Advanced
terpercaya	dipercayai / boleh dipercayai	trusted	Advanced
terjangkau	mampu milik / berpatutan	affordable	Advanced

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